几种植物对土壤金属离子富集能力的研究

Accumulation Ability of Several Kinds of Plants to Heavy Metal Ions in Soil

[目的]研究吊兰、绿萝和蜈蚣草对土壤中铅、砷、汞和镉的富集能力。[方法]采用吊兰、绿萝和蜈蚣草对铅、砷、汞和镉污染土壤进行富集试验,测定培养不同时间后3种植物叶片中的铅、砷、汞和镉含量。[结果]1 000 mg/kg铅污染基质对吊兰、绿萝和蜈蚣草的生长没有影响,吊兰对铅的富集效果明显强于绿萝和蜈蚣草,40 d后叶中铅含量达到165.3 mg/kg,同时吊兰对于汞也有一定的富集能力;蜈蚣草对砷的富集能力较强,对镉有一定的富集作用,对铅、砷、汞、镉4种重金属污染的耐受能力均很强;吊兰和绿萝对汞有一定的富集作用,但100 mg/kg镉和汞对吊兰和绿萝有较大的植物毒性。[结论]吊兰用于铅污染土壤的生物修复有一定的应用前景。

[Objective] The research aimed to study the accumulation ability of Chlorophytum co mosum,Epipremnum aureum and Pteris vittata to heavy metal ions in soil.[Method] C.comosum,E.aureum and P.vittata were taken to undergo the accumulation test on the lead,arsenic,mercury and cadmium polluted soil.Then the contents of lead,arsenic,mercury and cadmium in the leaves of C.comosum,E.aureum and P.vittata were determined.[Result] The results showed that no adverse effect was observed on the growth of C.comosum,E.aureum and P.vittata when the concentration of lead in pollution matrix went up to 1 000 mg/kg.C.comosum was the most effective in lead enrichment and the concentration of lead in leaves was 165.3 mg/kg after 40 days enrichment.P.vittata has high accumulation ability of arsenic and general accumulation ability to cadmium,but it has high tolerance for lead,arsenic,mercury,cadmiumin in the soil.C.comosum and E.aureum were also capable of absorbing mercury in the soil,but 100 mg/kg of cadmium and mercury was toxic to these two kinds of plants for their lower tolerability.[Conclusion] C.comosum was capable of adsorbing mercury in the soil as well,so it has a huge prospect on the application of bioremediation of lead polluted in soil.