情理之中与预料之外:谈“并”和“又”的语法意义

Reasonable and Unexpected:on the Grammatical Meaning of "Bing" and "You"

"并"和"又"表达连接功能时,共同形成分句间的并列关系,但表示语气功能时,"并"句表示转折关系,而"又"句的语法关系并不改变。"并"主要用于叙述句中,"又"则常用于因果句中,且两者都有其各自核心的语法意义,即"并"表示情况的出现在情理之中,"又"表示情况的出现是出乎意料。这可以对"并"、"又"的各种语法表现做出统一的解释。在从连词虚化为语气副词的过程中,质量准则起到了重要的作用,与此同时,"并"产生出标示说话人预期的主观性用法,而"又"则产生出标示反听话人预期的交互主观性用法,是一种典型的元语用法。

＂Bing＂ and ＂you＂ not only has the connection function,but also has the mo-dal function. When expressing the connection function,they form a paratactic relationship to-gether between the clauses. When expressing the modal function,the grammatical relations ofthe ＂bing＂-sentence is transition connection,and the grammatical relations of the you-sen-tence does not change. ＂Bing＂ is mainly used in the narrative sentence,and ＂you＂ isoften used in the causal sentences,and they both have their respective core grammaticalmeaning, namely ＂bing＂ indicates a reasonable situation, ＂you＂ indicates the unexpectedsituation. This is a unified explanation for a variety of grammatical relations of ＂bing＂and ＂you＂. Quality standards play an important role during the process of the conjunctionbleaching into the modal adverbs. Meanwhile, ＂bing＂ has a subjectivity usage which thespeaker expect to,while ＂you＂ has a interaction subjectivity usage that the hearer expected to,it is a typical metalinguistic use.