明代本草歌赋的特点

Characters of Chinese herb verses in Ming Dynasty

明代是本草歌赋发展的最重要时期,许多原创、实用的本草歌赋多产生于此时期,如四性药性赋、云林歌括及专著《本草蒙筌》等,常被后世引录。南方的本草歌赋开始吸纳北方的药性理论,浙江的《医学碎金》载有许多药性理论歌诀,江苏的《医经小学》、江西的《医学入门》将具体药物歌诀与药性理论歌诀相结合。专科、专题本草歌赋愈加丰富,《便产须知》中的妊娠禁忌药歌由繁返约,流传最广。而专科药物歌赋较多见于痘疹书中;专题本草歌赋最为集中的是《本草蒙筌》之总论,既涉及理论,也包括采收、储藏、炮制、真伪鉴别、配伍等技术;还有《野菜谱》等书的救荒类主题。采用了多样化的药物分类法:如按自然属性、四性、补泻功能、经络脏腑及病因等分类。

Ming Dynasty was the most important period in the development of herb verses, which included many original and practical works. Four Properties Yaoxing Fu, Yunlin verses and the book Bencao Mengquan were often cited by later ages. Herb verses in south began to absorb medicine property theories in north, which could be seen in Yixue Suijin of Zhejing, Yijing Xiaoxue of Jiangsu and Yixue Rumen of Jiangxi. More and more of verses focused themselves on clinical departments or special subjects. In Bianchan Xuzhi, verse of contraindicated herbs in pregnancy was simplified and thus most widely spread. Many herb verses could be found in books on smallpox. The pandect of Bencao Mengquan included verses on herb theories and techniques of harvest, storage, processing, identification and compatibility, etc. , while Yecai Pu related itself on the theme of calamity relief. The herbal classifications of herb verses became diversified as well, which included origin, properties, supplement and drain, channels, bowels and viscera, and disease evils.