湖南省新田县大坪塘土话中的几个名词后缀

Four Suffixes of Dapingtang Local Dialect in Xintian County of Hunan Province

湖南省新田县大坪塘土话中"头"、"牯"、"婆"、"崽"是四个具有很强构词能力的名词后缀。"头"可以附于单音节、双音节名词或动词后面构成新的普通名词,还可以构成新的方位名词。"牯"可以作为词根,放在指称有性动物的词根或名词之后,构成表示雄性动物的名词,但更多地是虚化作名词后缀。"婆"可用作表示祖母辈女性的词根,也可加在指称动物的词根或名词的后面一起构成指称雌性动物的名词。"崽"由实词虚化为名词后缀,相当于普通话中的名词后缀"子"或"儿"。

Tou （头）, Gu （牯）, Po （婆） and Zai （崽） in Dapingtang local dialect of Xintian, a county of Hunan province, are four strong word-building noun suffixes. Tou （头） can be attached to a noun or verb of single or double syllables to form a new common noun, as well as to constitute a new orientation noun. Gu （牯） can be used as a root, after the roots or nouns referring to sexual animals, to form nouns referring to the male animals, but it is more usually virtual into noun suffix. Po （婆） not only can be used as a root referring to grandmothers, but also can be attached to roots or nouns referring to animals to form nouns referring to the female animals. Zai （崽） is a noun suffix virtual from a content word, equivalent to the noun suffix ＂子＂ or ＂儿＂ in the mandarin.Key words ：Dapingtang Local Dialect; Noun Suffix; Tou（头）; Gu（牯）; Po（婆）; Zai（崽）