环境侵权精神损害赔偿自然人权利主体类型化探析

Typed Analysis to the Subject of Rights of Natural Persons of Spiritual Damage Compensation for Environmental Infringement

人类赖以生存的环境蕴涵着巨大的精神利益,这些利益理应为每个人所享有。探讨环境侵权精神损害赔偿自然人权利主体的类型化,既是对人获得良好生存环境和精神享受利益的关注,也是完善环境保护法与精神损害赔偿制度的重要方面。环境的污染和破坏必将损害人的环境性精神利益,从更全面地维护人获得良好生存环境和精神享受利益的角度看,环境侵权精神损害赔偿的权利主体应是自然人而非公民。将权利主体类型化为直接受害人与间接受害人,并探讨尚有争议的一些特殊群体,如第三人、后代人及胎儿、欠缺感知能力者等在其中的地位,将符合法理的纳入权利主体范围。

The human survival environment contains great Spiritual interests, these interests ought to be enjoyed by everyone. To explore typed the subject of rights of natural persons of spiritual damage compensation for environmental infringement, not only attention people to obtain good living environment and spiritual interests, but also an important aspect of the environmental protection law and the spiritual damage compensation system. Environment pollution and damage by human must infringement the spiritual interests on environment. To get a good living environment and spiritual interests from a more comprehensive protection of people＇s point of view, the subject of rights of spiritual damage compensation for environmental infringement should be natural persons and non citizens. Typed the subject of rights of direct victims and indirect victims, some special groups and discuss the controversial such as the third people, the future generations and fetal, the persons lack of perception ability in the position, will be the scope of the subject of rights in accord with legal theory.