论绝当规则及其适用——以北京市第一中级人民法院审理的三个案件为中心

On Dead Pawnage Rules and Their Application

本文以北京市第一中级人民法院审理的三个案件为中心,分析构成绝当的条件包括期限条件和行为条件。行为条件应注意区分合同的变更(续当)、合同的终止(绝当)与合同更新三个概念;提出绝当后商业信贷中适用流质契约具有道德上、经济上、法理上的正当性,同时应为双方设定相应的义务;主张绝当后当户不还款的行为不构成违约,不积极协助典当行处分当物的行为构成违约;绝当后息费的收取及计算以合理期限(一个月的诉讼准备期)的合理利益为宜,双方约定绝当后当户应支付违约金、逾期利息、典当综合费用的,典当行可以选择主张,也可以同时主张,但以补偿典当行的损失为限。

On account of three cases of Beijing＇s first intermediate people＇s court, this article put forwards that the dead pawnage consists of behavior element and period element. Contract changes （continued pawnage）, contract termination （dead pawnage） and contract renewal should be defined distinctly in behavior element. The application of mortgage of goods in flow after pawn dead could be justified morally, economically and legally, and the obligation should be set up for pawn and their clients. Default would not come if there is only dead pawnage. However, if the subject of duty has not met his collateral obligation, default would come then. The calculation of interest and fees should be reasonable. If the parties have promised to make up for the liquidated damages, overdue interest and pawn comprehensive fee, the pawn shops can claim these interest base on actual loss.