道德的迷思与人道主义干预的异化

The Morality Myth and the Alienation of Humanitarian Intervention

冷战结束后,一些国家多次以人道主义名义对他国国内局势进行干预。但是这些所谓的人道主义干预,在实践中往往存在着目标设定与结果效用背离的异化现象。造成这一现象的根本原因在于,人道主义干预的理念与现有世界秩序本质上并不兼容,这表现在实践和理念本身的困境。国际社会却对这一理念抱有一种持久的不切实际的道德迷思,认为它既是可欲的,又是可行的,但没有看到,在民族国家体系下,它并不具有现实可行性。在现有世界秩序未发生重大改变的情况下,国际社会无法彻底消除这种异化,只能将这一理念规范化、制度化和法制化,以减少异化。

The so-called humanitarian intervention has taken place frequently since the end of the Cold War. However,in practice there is often an alienation phenomenon being the end result divorced from original goals. The underlying cause lies in the fact that the idea of humanitarian intervention is incompatible with the existing international order. However,the international community,which holds an enduring and unrealistic myth about morality,seems to have the conviction that the idea is both desirable and feasible despite its contradiction with the existing international system dominated by nation states. Barring a fundamental transformation of the international order,the phenomenon of alienation cannot be totally eradicated. But normalization,institutionalization,and legalization of the concept can help mitigate the problem of alienation.