论西周■攸比鼎铭与周代官员遴选奖惩制度

The Inscription on the Guoyoubi Tripod and System of Official Selection and Punishment in the West Zhou Dynasty

西周时期是以射箭技能作为卿、大夫、士和候选官员的条件和标准,也作为晋升诸侯级别的重要条件,这在周代礼书中有明确的记述。西周叔夨方鼎铭等金文资料,证明了周天子的确是十分重视辟雍和射宫的射艺比赛;攸比鼎铭"射分田邑"等金文资料,证明了土地夺封和改封射艺中是一项重要的奖惩条件,"射为诸侯"是有一定根据的,不过它是渐进型的,而非一次性的。

In times of the West Zhou Dynasty, archery was regarded as one of the qualifications and standards of ministers, senior officials and knights and also as an important quality for a governor to be promoted to a higher rank, which was clearly recorded in works of rites in the Zhou Dynasty. Inscriptions on ancient bronze objects, such as those on the Shuzefang Tripod, showed that the king of the Zhou Dynasty really paid great attention to the archery contest between Piyong and Shegong. The inscription ＂The manor estate shall be granted by archery skills＂ on the Guoyoubi Tripod demonstrated the archery skill was a leading criterion for abolishing or changing the grant of land. Therefore, the recorded saying ＂A governor shall be appointed by archery skills＂ was wellgrounded, but it was realized by continuous performances but not simply for a single performance.