中国出口贸易的工资溢出效应——基于不同企业类别与行业类别的实证研究

Wage Spillovers of Export in China——An Empirical Study Based on Different Industries and Enterprise Categories

本文基于中国工业企业数据库,对中国不同企业类别与行业类别的工资差距、出口贸易对内外资企业的工资溢出效应和出口贸易对不同行业类别的工资溢出效应等问题进行了探讨。研究结果表明,外资企业的平均工资水平比内资企业的平均工资水平约高25.6%,且出口贸易对外资企业的工资溢出效应显著高于内资企业;不同行业间的平均工资水平也存在着显著的差异,高端制造业的平均工资水平显著高于低端制造业的平均工资水平,且出口贸易的工资溢出效应进一步扩大了行业间的工资差距。因此,应进一步优化人才发展战略、引进外资战略和产业发展战略,缩小工资差距,实现收入分配的优化。

Since China＇s reform and opening up, China＇s position in the world economy boosted a lot, alongwith the rapid expansion of foreign investment and international trade in China. Obviously, the expansion of exporttrade greatly promoted the growth of labor demand in manufacturing, and the development of opening up also tend toreduce price elasticity of labor demand in manufacturing, thus to make a positive shock to workers＇ status. Besides,the export trade may have a significant impact on wage level in manufacturing by labor flowing, the competitioneffect and industry associations. Does the increase of export trade affect wage level in China＇s manufacturing industry, and may export trade have a same influence on wage level of workers in manufacturing between different enterprise categories and different industries in China？ Obviously, the study of these problems is of important practicalsignificance. Many foreign scholars have carried theoretical exploration on thetablished a series of models to test it. Related research in domestic isthe export trade increased the wage level. However, most of the abovea whole to study the influence of the export trade on wage level, andcharacteristics of enterprise heterogeneity. While in this paper,basingimpact of foreign trade on wage level, and esmuch less and most of these studies show thatdocuments treat Chinese export enterprises asthe data used is too general that ignored theon micro data of different enterprise categoriesand industries ,we explore the relationship between export trade and wage level, and further investigate the problemof the gap between the rich and the poor. Using manufacturing industry data in China, this paper analyses the wage spillovers of export trade. We choosekey variables from the huge data base according to our research and delete the outliers, and obtain a data base of9974 micro enterprise, then set up an econometric model to test the wage spillovers of export trade. Basing on thedata base and the econometric model, this paper firstly measures the wage gap between different enterprise categoties and different industries in China. Thenbasingon different enterprise categories, we analyze wage spillovers ofexport trade on domestic enterprises and foreign enterprises. At last,spillovers of export trade on 8 manufacturing industries.basingon different industries, we analyze wageAccording to the empirical research ,we find three main conclusions. First, the wage level of foreign enterpriseis 25.6 percent higher than domestic enterprises on average level. Second, basing on the empirical research on different enterprise categories, the wage spillovers of the export trade on foreign enterprises is significantly higher thandomestic enterprises. Therefore the export trade will further widen the salary gap between domestic enterprises andforeign enterprises. Third,just as different enterprises categories,the wage spillovers of the export trade on differentindustries vary a lot, and thus expand the wage gap between industries. Specifically, the wage level in highend manufacturing is much higher than lowend manufacturing. What＇s more, the wage spillovers of export trade in highendmanufacturing is higher than in lowend manufacturing, and thus further expand the wage gap between industries. At present, China is in a crucial period for building a harmonious socialist society which is peopleoriented. From the aspect of economy, not only should we make the cake of socialist market economy bigger, more important is to achieve equitable distribution of income, promote the coordinated development of fairness and efficiency. Therefore we should further optimize the talent development strategy, foreign capital introduction strategy and industry development strategy to narrow the wage gap in China and optimize the distribution of income.