知识与意识溯源:德里达与胡塞尔

Tracing the Origins of Knowledge and Consciousness:Derrida and Husserl

德里达的解构主义脱胎于胡塞尔的现象学,胡塞尔对德里达的影响持续一生。德里达认为存在两个面相的胡塞尔:一个被萦绕不去的结构情结束缚,执着于在场和观念的纯粹性;一个更强调发生和变化,呈现出世界和自我中的他性。由于前一种倾向的制约,胡塞尔未能充分挖掘出现象学的潜力。胡塞尔试图为知识和意识找到一个自我同一的在场源头,德里达却相信,一切在场都不可避免地被不在场所浸染,但这种不在场并不是一种实体,而是超越了在场/缺席二元逻辑的"踪迹"。

Derrida＇s deconstruction was largely derived from Husserl＇s phenomenology, whose influence is visible throughout the former＇s career. According to Derrida, there are two facets of Husserl： one fettered by a persistent nostalgia for structure, addicted to presence and purity of concepts; the other emphasizing genesis and change, revealing aherity in the world and the self. Hindered by the former predilection, Husserl failed to bring out the full potential of phenomenology. While Husserl tried to find a self identical, present origin for knowledge and consciousness, Derrida was convinced that all presence is inevitably invaded by absence, whieh, however, is not an entity, but trace transcending the binary logic of presence/absence.