海德格尔哲学思想与现代西方哲学的“转向”

Heidegger's Philosophy and the Turning of Modern Western Philosophy

海德格尔是著名的现代德国哲学家,他的哲学思想集中展示了现代西方哲学的"转向"。他从存在出发,建立了与传统哲学不同的"存在本体论"。他认为对存在的追问,不是"是什么",而是"何以是":前者要解决的是存在的性质、本质、属性等,后者要解决的是存在的展示、显现、澄明、在场。在诸多存在者中,此在最能展示、显现存在,因为此在不仅与存在最"亲近",而且具有生存论的特点与优点。海德格尔反对传统哲学只研究"有"而没有"无"的地位,从多种角度证明了"无"是形而上学的基本问题。海德格尔不同意传统的语言观,通过阐述思、语言与存在的关系以及诗、说与存在的关系,深刻地阐释了"语言是存在的家"。

Heidegger is a famous contemporary German philosopher. His philosophy showcases the turning of modern Western philosophy. Based on the notion of being, he established his Being-Ontology which is different from the traditional philosophy. He believes that the inquiring of existence is not 'whatness' but 'how'. The former refers to its Charakter and Wesen, while the latter refers to its aufweisen, sich zeigen, Lichtung and Anwesenheit. Among beings, Dasein could display the existence best, for Dasein would not only be the closest thing to the existence but also have the characters and advantages of existentialism. Heidegger disagrees with the traditional philosophy, and demonstrates that 'no' is the basic problem of metaphysic. Heidegger also disagrees with the traditional view of language. He profoundly interpret the proposition 'language is the home of existence' by explaining the relationship between thought, language and existence and that between poetry, speak and existence.