象征性政策工具：美国州高等教育绩效政策的发展和影响

The Development and Impact of Performance-based Funding Policies in the U.S. Higher Education System

在新公共管理理念、成本上升以及财政紧缩等综合压力的影响下,各州高等教育拨款纷纷引进各种绩效工具。20世纪后期,美国各州政府开始广泛探索各类将拨款与高校绩效挂钩的财政绩效拨款政策,已经发展成绩效拨款、绩效预算和绩效报告三大类别,其性质和方式的多元化特征突出。然而由于存在实施不稳定、未来不确定、影响和效果不显著等问题,美国高等教育绩效拨款政策主要还是象征性的政策工具。

Under the influence of the New Public Management ideology, the rising cost and stringent fiscal condition, many state governments in the U.S. began to explore various forms of performance-based funding policies, which linked state funding with the performance of higher education institutions. Three types of performance-based funding emerged in the U.S., which were performance funding, performance budget and performance report. A comparative analysis of studies about the policy development trends of performance-based funding uncertain future of these policies. Studies about the making processes, characteristics, and revealed the diversified nature, unstable implementation and impact of performance funding revealed mixed results as well.