辩证法的断裂与历史必然性的重构——当代西方马克思主义的理论进路

The Fracture of Dialectical Method and the Reconstruction of Historical Necessity——The Theory of Contemporary Western Marxism

本文着力于探讨当代西方马克思主义对于辩证法的理论重构。就其理论诞生的语境而言,辩证法包含两个基本内涵,即内在矛盾与同一性原则,它意指多样性的同一。当代西方马克思主义者承担着论证革命合法性的理论任务,通过对形而上学同一性原则的批判来构筑新的历史必然性。辩证法成为了其完成这一任务的重要理论资源。首先,辩证法的内在矛盾性为打碎形而上学,凸显断裂与偶然性提供了可能的契机,从而保持了马克思思想中的彻底的革命性。其次,辩证法的同一性原则又保障了这种断裂和偶然性不会走向彻底的多元主义,从而坚持了某种新形式的历史必然性。

This paper discusses the reconstruction of the dialectics theory of the contemporary Western Marxism. From its birth context of the theory dialectics contains two basic connotations, namely inherent contradiction and the sameness principle. It means the sameness of diversity. Contemporary Western Marxist bear the theoretical task of verifying the revolutionary legitimacy and construct new historical inevitability through the criticism of metaphysics and the sameness principle. Dialectics has become the important theoretical resources for them to complete this task. First of all, the internal contradiction of dialectics has offered possible opportunities to break metaphysics, thus maintaining the complete revolutionary spirit of Marxism. Secondly, the sameness principle of dialectics has guaranteed that the fracture and contingency would not lead to radical pluralism, so as to maintain a new form of historical inevitability.