上海棚户区污名的构建与传递：一个历史记忆的视角

The Construction and Transfer of the Stigma of Shanghai Shanty Settlements:An Angle of Historical Memory

如果将上海棚户区污名的概念化建构和历史传递过程作为一种社会记忆,通过历史学的方法观察这一过程的阶段变化和整体性,就可以看出权力阶层在构建社会记忆中的重要性。早期棚户区得以滋生的自然和人文环境特征,构成了棚户区污名的基本要素,与棚户区形成初期有关的历史事实奠定了其污名的基本概念。官方态度与主流媒体的舆论导向在棚户区历史记忆的构建与传承中起着"定调"的作用,同时也规范着文化精英阶层和社会大众对棚户区污名的接纳、理解和认同。上海棚户区污名的历史建构和传递机制给我们的启示是:城市政府对外来贫困人口居住问题、生存问题的规划和管理,在初期就应当置于城市社会生态长远发展的范畴内去考虑。

This paper aims to discover how the stigma of Shanghai Shanty Settlements wasconeeptionally constructed and passed on in the history of modem Shanghai. The core content of thestigma of shanty settlements was based on the natural and human environment which had fostered thiskind of settlement, therefore the series of historical facts relating with the shanty houses early appearanceand formation contributed to the groundsill of this concept. The early content and its social memorycontent were toned and controlled by the municipal attitude and the media consensus attitude at themoment the shanty houses came into being in front of the public, which furthermore framed andinfluenced the manner of the public culture and citizens＇ identity toward the shanty settlement and itsresidents. The discrimination towards the shanty settlement and its people has been an important part inthe organism of socail ecology of modem Shanghai city. The formation and passon mechanism ofShanghai shanty settlements indicates that the management and service for the urban poor migrants may beconsidered within the frame of social ecology development and evolution from the very beginning.