对不同类型传主的人格特征研究——基于心理传记学方法的应用

Research on the Personality of Biographical Subjects in Different Fields:The Application of the Psychobiographical Research Methods

对当代不同类型杰出人物的心理传记学研究,不仅揭示他们的品格优势及成长历程,还进一步阐释社会和历史情境与他们人格特征的关系,从而丰富了人格心理学理论。同时,探索心理传记学方法的应用:除了纯质化心理传记学方法,本研究重点探讨质量结合分析方法的应用。通过考察当代大学名校长的人格特征,尝试引入人格词评定法、多维尺度法和德菲尔法,结合解释和分析杰出人物的人格形成和行为表现等,提高了研究结果的有效性。

The pure qualitative research method is the traditional research paradigm in psychobiography. The Psychobiographical Studyon the Olympic Champion Chen Yanqing reveals her unique personality traits strong initiative, high self - efficacy and super adversityquotient. A qualitative analysis of the biographical materials of Chen Yanqing illustrates that these unique personality traits result fromthe follow factors ： an innate talent for weight lifting, a good family environment for growing - up, strong family support, unique experi-ences of three retirements and returning to competition, extensive social support and motivation for society - oriented achievement. But one deficit of the pure qualitative research method is its inability to guarantee the validity of deduction. In order to find a supe-rior research method, Chinese scholars are exploring the mix method of quality - quantity combination in recent years. One of the at-tempts is the use of factor analysis in psychobiography. The general operational steps are as follows. Firstly, the subject of biography istargeted. Secondly, a biography is composed based on the collected biographical materials guided by the research purposes. Thirdly, af-ter reading the finished biography, the testing subjects do a personality assessment. Fourthly, the factor analysis is conducted on the re-suits of personality assessment and the personality components are analyzed. Finally, explaining to the biography subject about the af-fecting factors of his/her personality formation and behavior expressions. Adopting factor analysis as well as the Chinese Personality Ad-jective Rating Scale, a case study of Analyzing Mei Yiqi＇s Personality Traits from the Perspective of Psyehohistory reveals the personalitytraits of Mei Yiqi in five aspects ： rigorous and honest scholarship, positive and responsible outlook of life, far - reaching ambition, andself - discipline in work and daily life. These personality traits are formed under the interaction of various factors ： early family environ-ment, influence of parents＇ role model, personal experiences in his early years and his oversea education, and the harmonious blendingin him of the Chinese traditional Confucianism and domestic ideas with the multi - cultures of western countries. The use of multi - dimensional scaling in psychobiography is another mix method practice. The case study of Cai Yuanpei＇s Person-ality Traits and Their Influences on Chinese University Education Reform exemplifies the use of multi - dimensional scaling in psycho-biography. Firstly, the Personality Adjective Rating Scale is made based on the analysis of biographical materials about Cai Yuanpei andthe 180 valid questionnaires were collected. Then the case study, adopting factor analysis on the collected data, reveals three aspects ofthe characteristics of Cai Yuanpei： virtue, uprightness and versatile talents. Then the study goes further to deal with the data by usingthe multi - dimensional scaling, and classifies Cai Yuanpei＇s personal traits into 7 categories ： versatile talent, vision, sense of justice,uprightness, integrity, doing for justice and perseverance. Many factors are thought to have formed the personality of Cai Yuanpei. Thefactors are ： god family education in Cai Yuanpei＇s early years, a harmonious integration in Cai Yuanpei of the traditional Chinese cultureand the ideas of democracy and freedom, and the special social context Cai Yuanpei lived in. Through the comparison of the two dataprocessing of factor analysis and multi - dimensional scaling analysis, the more comprehensive and accurate interpretation of CaiYuanpei＇s personality traits can be found by the use of the latter one. The Delphi Method is a systematic, interactive forecasting method which relies on a group of experts. The consistent experts＇ fore-casts are converged from multiple rounds of reasoning, judgment and revision. As a prediction maker, this method has its features ofrepresentative and validity. The case study of A Psychobiographical Exploration on the Famous University Chancellor： Tang Wenzhi il-lustrated in this paper shows the use of Delphi Method. Firstly, a qualitative evaluation of Mr. Tang＇s personality is conducted. The re-suits reveal five aspects of personal traits of Mr. Tang： responsible and assiduous, open and brave, firm and independent, intelligentand knowledgeable, as well as gentle and altruistic. Then the Delphi method is used to consult the experts＇ opinions in two rounds. Theresults showed that the main personality traits of Mr. Tang include responsible and assiduous, open and brave, staunch and independ-ent, openminded and compatible, as well as benevolent and gentle. Lastly, the study qualitatively analyzes the affecting factors forMr. Tang to abandon his political life and devoting himself to education. So, exploring the various combinations of the mix researchmethod could be one of developmental directions for psychobiography.