成本上升的产业竞争力效应研究

Competitiveness Effect of Cost Increasing

随着农村可转移劳动力减少和资源环境压力的不断上升，中国劳动力工资和原材料价格呈现快速上涨的趋势，引发了对中国制造业国际竞争力丧失的担忧。然而，成本上升对竞争力的影响到底有多大还缺乏相应的实证研究。基于投入产出模型，定量分析原材料和工资成本上升对综合成本进而对制造业竞争力的影响。研究结果表明，要素价格上升使中国工业品综合成本在2001--2011年平均每年提高7%左右，但生产效率提升则在很大程度上抵消了要素成本上升对竞争力的不利影响。

In recent years, with the decline of migrant workers and increasing pres- sure of resource and environment, the wage and material price rise rapidly, which lead to worries about the loss of Chinese industrial competitiveness. However, we still don＇t know how large increasing cost affect competitiveness. With data of material price and wage, this paper provides empirical evidence on this issue based on input-output model. The result shows that, rising material price increased cost by 7% annually during 2001-2011. However, the price didn＇t change much because of increasing productivity.