惠特曼诗歌的身体叙事

Body Narrative of Whitman's Poems

身体叙事关注身体、转向当下、突显个体。身体作为叙事的主题在人类历史中经历了诸多变迁。前苏格拉底时的身体与灵魂交融;柏拉图时的崇尚理式贬斥身体;古典主义时的身心二元、唯理主义;20世纪初尼采的鞭笞理性、赞美身体及梅洛-庞蒂重视身体的知觉现象学。《草叶集》即是身体叙事的展示。其拒绝宏大叙事,反对抽象玄思,关注具体感悟,颂扬身体之美,走向当下生活,将日常生活的真切价值与个体存在的饱满意义有机地结合在一起。

Body narrative, shifting to the present and emphasizing the individual, focuses on the individual body. The change of body varies from the harmonious communion in pre-Socrates, Plato＇s advocating of reason and despising of body, Cartesian dualism, Nietzsche＇s denouncing of reason and praising of body, to Ponty＇s perception phenomenology. Leaves of Grass, as a display of body narrative, refuses mega-narrative, opposes abstract metaphysics, but concentrates on concrete inspiration and present life, combining the vivid value in everyday life with the full meaning of the individual existence.