转型民主问题与现代民主形态多种属性研究——兼析亨廷顿的转型民主观

Research on Democracy Transition and Multiple Attributes of Modern Form of Democracy——Analysis of Huntington's Democratic Transition

自20世纪70年代"第三波"民主化浪潮以来,西方民主化理论研究的重心逐步向民主转型等议题转移,塞缪尔·亨廷顿在《第三波:20世纪后期的民主化》一书中梳理了近代以来现代民主发展的进程,但是世界民主化已出现新的动向;"西方文化论"将现代民主与资本主义经济政治体制联系在一起,企图垄断民主话语权,对非西方文化带有明显的文化偏见。多元民主理论支持现代民主形态的多元属性,世界民主化进程也展示了现代民主形态的多元属性。金融危机背景下的西方"民主退化"与"民主输出困境"的事实再次证明,西方现代民主形态不具有普世价值意义,后发国家在选择现代民主形态时,必须根据自身特点,选择符合自身发展需要的民主形态。

Since the＂third wave＂of democratization in the 1970s,the focus of western democratic theory research has gradually shifted to the issue of democratic transition.The Third Wave of Democratization in Late 20th Century by Huntington has reviewed the process of modern development of democracy,but the democratization of the world has revealed new trends.Associating modern democracy with the capitalist economic and political system,the western culture theory attempts to monopolize the democratic discourse and shows bias against non-western culture.The pluralist democracy theory supports the modern form of democracy with multiple attributes,and the democratization of the world also shows multiple attributes of modern form of democracy.On the background of the financial crisis,the western ＂democracy degeneration＂and ＂democracy export predicament＂have proved once again that the western modern democratic form does not have universal significance.In choosing modern democratic forms,therefore,developing countries must choose one that can meet their own development needs.