论自然资源物权构造的理论困境——基于中美比较的视角

A Comparative Analysis of Natural Resource Property Between America and China

自然资源权属层面停留在财产权"唯一性"的系统要求下,但使用层面却遵循不特定多数同时使用的物之本性。各国都试图解决或者调和这一矛盾,由此出现了各个时期不同的理论突破方案和法律实践探索。美国的"公共信托"理论以权利保护确认的利益为核心区分,以法律承认为表现形式,其历史发展是一个不断发现和吸纳新的法律保护利益、不断创造新的权利类别的过程。中国的"权能分离"理论以权能表现形式为基本区分标准,以针对资源物的各种行为形态为基本归纳单位。"环境资源权"因为缺乏核心的行为模式和法益权源基础,无法作为一种独立权利类别在既有的财产权体系中清晰地表达。

There is an irreconcilable conflict between the exclusive feature of property ownership and the common utilization of natural resource.There have been various innovative theories and practical resolutions in various countries with the development of natural resource property.Public trust doctrine in America,characterized by some legal-interest format based on recognized legal interests,has been experiencing aprocess in which new types of property are created by adopting new interest in natural resource theory system.Powers of ownership doctrine in China,characterized by some legalactivity format based on recognized powers of ownership,has not provided independent environmental property with indispensable activity model and legal interest.