超声诊断颈动脉易损斑块研究进展

Progresses in ultrasonic diagnosis of vulnerable carotid plaque

颈动脉易损斑块破裂和血栓形成是诱发脑卒中的重要危险因素。早期诊断、早期干预可明显降低心血管不良事件的风险。影像学诊断斑块稳定性已成为研究热点。作为一种无创的、便捷的手段,超声可直观评价颈动脉粥样斑块的形态学及功能学相关特征,判断斑块破裂的潜在危险性,为临床制定有效治疗方案提供可靠的影像学证据。本文主要对颈动脉易损斑块的病理生理特点和超声诊断进展进行综述。

Rupture of vulnerable carotid plaque and thrombosis are important risk factors for stroke. Early diagnosis and treatment can significantly reduce the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events. Therefore, imaging diagnosis of stability of plaques has become a research hotspot. As a noninvasive and convenient diagnostic method, ultrasound can intuitively evaluate the morphological and functional characteristics of carotid plaque, and estimate the potential risk of plaque disruption, providing reliable imaging evidence for making effective therapeutic plan. This paper focused on the pathophysiologic changes and ultrasonic diagnosis of vulnerable carotid plaque.