友好还是敌对?理解互动意图的大脑动态时程

Kindness or Hostility? Brain Dynamics of Understanding Interactive Intentions of Other People

“他们是友好的还是敌对的？”人如何快速识别他人的社会互动意图？基于对他人意图准确而快速的理解,才能正确地选择应对策略和反应方式,做出与对方展开合作还是应对冲突的决策.为了探索大脑如何理解2个个体通过整个身体表现出的不同性质交际意图的动态加工时程,采用事件相关电位技术记录了16名健康被试观察3类不同性质的交际意图动作（友好意图、敌对意图和无互动意图）照片时的脑电成分.电生理学结果表明,在较早阶段（170~270 ms）,在大脑的额中区发现,友好意图的N2峰值比敌对意图和无互动意图更负,而敌对意图与无互动意图则没有显著差异.在晚期阶段（270~500 ms）,在大脑的顶区、中线和右半球,敌对意图的P3峰值比友好意图和无互动意图更正,而友好意图与无互动意图则没有显著差异.本研究为大脑理解不同性质的社会互动意图（相对于无互动意图）的动态加工时程提供了神经电生理学的初步证据.

Previous studies did not directly compare the time course of neural correlates underlying the different kinds of social motor intentions, specifically the communicative intentions produced by two agents＇ whole body movements. In order to characterize the time course of the communicative intention inference （vs. non-interactive intention） in the brain, we employed the ERP （event-related potential） technology to record 16 healthy participants＇ electrical brain activity while they were watching photos depicting two actors＇ actions, and performing an intention inference task （liT）. There were three different types of action intentions： kindness, hostility and non-interactiveness. Electro- physiological results revealed the peak amplitudes of N2 over the frontal sites for kindness intentions were significantly larger than those for hostility and non-interactive intentions. On the other hand, there were no significant differences between hostility and non-interactive intention at N2. At a later stage （i.e., during the 270-500 ms epoch）, the peak amplitude of the P3 over the parietal sites and the right hemisphere was significantly larger for hostility intentions compared to the kindness and non-interactive intentions, while there were no significant differences between kindness and non-interactive intentions. The present study provides preliminary evidence of the temporal dynamics sustaining the dissociation between the understanding of different kinds of social motor intentions versus non-interactive motor intention.