气管切开术后下呼吸道感染的原因分析及护理对策

The Cause Analysis and Nursing Strategies on Lower Respiratory Tract Infection after Tracheotomy

目的探讨气管切开术后患者下呼吸道感染的相关因素,提出相应护理对策,以降低其发生率,提高护理质量。方法采取调查方法,对2010年1月-2013年1月入住重症医学科的95例气管切开术后患者进行观察。结果 42例并发下呼吸道感染,病原菌以G-杆菌为主（占72.0%）,其次G＋球菌（占17.9%）,真菌（占10.1%）及二重感染（占8.5%）也常见。其中铜绿假单孢菌为29.3%,鲍曼不动杆菌为17.2%,金黄色葡萄球菌为16.5%,肺炎克雷伯菌为13.7%,大肠埃希菌为10.8%,其它细菌占2.4%。结论采取有效的护理对策,可降低气管切开术后下呼吸道感染的发病率,减少院内感染发生。

Objective Through investigating the lower respiratory tract infection factors after tracheotomy,appropriate nursing strategies can be put forward to reduce the incidence and improve the nursing quality. Methods In retrospective methods,95 cases of tracheotomy patients from ICU of our hospital were observed from January 2010 to January2013. Results In this group,42 cases suffered from lower respiratory infections. For pathogenic bacteria,G-bacilli dominated（ 72. 0%）,followed by G ＋ cocci（ 17. 9%）,fungi（ 10. 1%） and superinfection（ 8. 5%）,all of which pseudomonas aeruginosa took up 29. 3%,acinetobacter baumannii 17. 2%,Staphylococcus aureus 16. 5%,Klebsiella pneumoniae 13. 7%,E. Coli 10. 8%,and other bacteria accounted for 2. 4%. Conclusions To take effective nursing strategies can reduce the lower respiratory infection incidence after tracheotomy,so that nosocomial infection rate is reduced.