规模化种猪育种与生产数字化管理体系建设及案例分析(Ⅳ):性能测定计划的制订与实施

Digitize Management System and Case Analysis for Large-scale Pig Breeding and Production(Ⅳ):Performance Testing Schemes and Implement

种猪性能测定是育种工作的基础,也是长期制约我国种猪育种的最主要障碍。自2009年实施《全国生猪遗传改良计划(2009—2020年)》以来,各大中型种猪场转变了育种理念,在性能测定方面付出了大量人力、物力,取得可喜进步。但大部分种猪场对测定数据的应用考虑不够,仅单纯强调测定数量满足要求。因此,本文根据近年来全程跟踪华南地区部分核心育种场的育种实践,在系谱记录完整的前提下,分析了品种、性别、血统、测定数量等多种因素对性能测定的影响,并兼顾遗传缺陷发生情况,初步分析了性能测定的投入与产出情况。同时,建议在性能测定实施时,种猪场应创造条件实施全群测定,坚持先性能评估、后体型外貌选择顺序的基本原则;在性能测定条件有限的情况下,需要加强性能测定的计划性,合理分配有限测定资源。

Performance testing is the crucial basis work in pig breeding, and it is impossible to implement anything without this basis work, however the crucial work was still the first barrier in China pig breeding for longtime. Since the ＂National Swine Genetic Improvement Program （2009-2020）＂ was implemented from 2009, some pig breeding farms renovated breeding notion and put a lot of manpower and money for performance testing, but most farms just collected the data for requirement of testing number and could not efficiently utilize the data in selection. For this reason, based on collecting the breeding data during recent years from some nuclear breeding farms in south China, all pedigrees of the data were clear, the effect on performance testing plan were analyzed on breed, gender, lineage, number of testing, and genetic defect, also an economic of breeding input-output was roughly analyzed for performance testing. It was suggested that the pig breeding farms should carry out all herd testing for performance testing and insist on performance genetic evaluation prior to conformation. If testing capacity was limited, the testing plan was much important and needed to optimize all testing resources.