哺乳仔猪死因调查与分析——以云南某猪场为例

Analysis of Death Causes for PIC Pre-weaning Piglet

为降低云南PIC（Pig Improvement Company）祖代母猪的仔猪死亡率，利用某中美合作PIC祖代猪场2005-2007年仔猪的死亡数据资料，分析常见的弱死、腹泻和压死对哺乳仔猪死亡率的影响。结果表明，弱死、腹泻和压死是致仔猪死亡的三大主要因素，其中弱死威胁最大，腹泻次之，压死的影响最小。仔猪的压死率在各个季节的差异不显著（13．8％～14．9％）。冬季的仔猪死亡率最高（29．1％），春、夏、秋3个季节的仔猪死亡率均在10．0％左右。在冬季死亡的仔猪中，弱死率和腹泻率分别为46．9％和28．4％。因此，在冬季重视分娩舍温度管理和采取相应的管理措施，对于降低仔猪弱死和腹泻的死亡率都具有重要意义。

To decrease the piglet loss of PIC （Pig Improvement Company） sows, a longitudinal study was conducted to collect data of causes of death for pre-weaning piglet in a Sino-U. S. joint venture swine farm from 2005-2007 to analyze the impact of crushing, diarrhea and runt on piglet loss in suckling period. Results indicated that runt piglet （birth weight less than 1.0 kg） had a greater risk for survival, and diarrhea mortality is lower than runt and greater than crushing mortality. No significant difference was observed in pre-weaning piglet crushing mortality （13.8% - 14.9% ）in different season. The overall mortality for pre-weaning piglets （number of dead piglets as a percentage of the piglets born alive） was 29.1% in winter season, and the mortality account about 10.0% in other three seasons. Runt and diarrhea mortality account 46.9% and 28.4% of dead piglets in winter season, respectively. Therefore, it need implement available practices to decrease runt and diarrhea mortality for pre-weaning piglets in winter.