现象与本质:对犯罪学研究对象的思考——“犯罪原因说”与“犯罪现象存在论”辨析

Phenomenon and Essence:Reflection on the Study Object of Criminology——Differentiation and Analysis of Causationism and Existentialism of Crime

任何事物的产生和发展都有其内在的、本质的联系,认识事物就是认识事物的本质。在犯罪学研究中究竟是认识事物的本质还是认识事物的现象事关犯罪学研究的对象和方法问题。"犯罪原因说"是自犯罪学建立以来犯罪学家们透过犯罪现象认识犯罪本质,进而制定犯罪对策的犯罪学说。被称为科学犯罪学或者新犯罪学的"犯罪现象存在论"通过对犯罪现象的研究发现"犯罪现象的本质、产生、存在形态、发展和变化规律等"。问题的关键是,对犯罪现象的研究并没有超出"犯罪原因说"的范畴,最终又回到了犯罪学研究的原点。

The emergence and evolution of any thing has its inner and intrinsic relation. Therefore, to recognize a thing is precisely to recognize the essence of it. However, it is a problem concerning the study object and method of criminology to recognize the essence of things or to recognize the phenomenon of things in the research of crimi- nology. Causationism of crime is a criminal theory in which criminal countermeasure is formulated by the criminolo- gists through their cognition from criminal phenomenon to criminal essence since the establishment of the criminolo- gy. Based on existentialism of crime known as scientific criminology or new criminology, the essence, emergence, existing form, evolution and change rules of criminal phenomenon would be discovered through the research of crim- inal phenomenon. The key to the question is that the research of criminal phenomenon has not exceeded the scope of causationism, and finally gets back to the original point of criminological research.