日本集合住宅及老人居住设施设计新动向

THE LATEST DESIGN TENDENCIES OF THE CLUSTERS AND THE LIVING FACILITIES FOR THE AGED IN JAPAN

本文对日本的集合住宅和老人居住设施的设计新动向分别进行了介绍。前者主要包括:在户型设计上求新求变以适应多样化的居住需求;在结构形式上追求广义的耐久性以适应人生不同阶段的居住需求;在居住心理环境设计上,从单纯注重私密性转向适度开放以促进邻里之间的交流和社区的自然形成;使住宅空间向立体化方向发展。后者主要包括:使老人居住设施与地区特性更好地结合;使其有家的感觉;为老人创造出有利于其保持自立和尊严的个性化空间;促进设施规模的小型化;注意公共空间与个人空间之间的连接;将设施对外开放以促进与外部的交流;创造多样化的休憩场所;加强空间之间的有机联系等等。

This essay introduces the clusters andthe latest design tendencies of the living facilitiesfor the aged in Japan. The former mainly includes:to fit varieties of living requirements throughoriginative designs; to fit diverse livingrequirements during one's different periods oflife by the general durability of construction; tochange from simple regard of privacy to properopenness' which will promote thecommunication of the neighbors and naturalforming of a community; to develop the housingspace in three dimensions; to make the verticaltransportation space like a street in tier and high-rise housing. The latter mainly includes: tocombine better the living facilities and theregional characters; to give the aged the senseas if at home; to create personal space for theaged to keep their independence and dignities;to miniaturize the scale of living facilities; to payattention to the connection between publicand individual spaces; to open the facilities forthe contact with outside; to create various kindsof places for rest; to enhance the connectionamong spaces, etc.