侧风作用下桥上车辆的气动力特性及安全评价

Aerodynamic Characteristics and Safety Evaluation of Vehicle on Bridge Under Cross Wind

以大客车、小汽车、半挂车车身为研究对象,采用CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)数值方法对风-车-桥耦合的车辆气动力特性进行了分析研究。模拟计算了不同工况下车辆的气动力系数,分析了车辆气动力的变化规律,计算出车辆发生侧倾、侧滑的安全临界风速。研究表明,不同车辆类型行驶于不同截面类型桥梁位置时车辆的气动力特性差异较大,进行车辆的安全性分析时车辆气动力系数应考虑车辆类型、桥梁截面形式、车辆的位置以及车辆所受的合成风偏角的影响。

The wind-vehicle-bridge coupled aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle were investigated choosing bus,car,semi-trailer as the research objects by using CFD（Computational Fluid Dynamics）numerical simulation method.The aerodynamics characteristics of the vehicle in different cases were simulated.Moreover,the variation law of aerodynamic characteristic of the vehicle was analyzed and the critical wind speed of vehicle overturning and sideslip was calculated.The experimental results show that the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle are different when different kinds of vehicles drive on the bridges for they have different types of cross sections.So during the safety analysis of vehicles,not only the vehicle type and the bridge cross section form should be considered,but also the location of vehicle and the composite wind yaw angle should be considered.