心理辅导对人格缺陷驾驶员的影响

Effect of psychological guidance on motor vehicle making-trouble drivers with personality defect

目的探讨对存在人格问题或缺陷的机动车肇事驾驶员进行有针对性的心理辅导的效果。方法 103例人格缺陷的机动车驾驶员分为心理辅导组(n=51)和对照组(n=52)。心理辅导组给予心理辅导,包括认知心理辅导,问题或缺陷矫正训练;对照组不予心理辅导。1 a后再次对2组驾驶员进行人格测评和效果评价。结果随访1 a后,心理辅导组卡特尔16种人格因素问卷调查得分中乐群性、稳定性、兴奋性、敢为性及独立性5个方面评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);恃强性、怀疑性、忧虑性评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。心理辅导组次级人格中内外向型、安详机警、怯弱果断方面与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组受试者违章记分人次比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论心理辅导可有效改善驾驶员人格中存在的问题或缺陷,降低驾驶机动车过程中违章的发生率。

Objective To investigate the effect of purposeful psychological guidance on motor vehicle making-trouble drivers with personality defect. Methods One hundred and three drivers with notable personality defect were divided into psychological guidance group（ n = 51） and control group（ n = 52）. The psychological guidance group was given psychological guidance including cognitive psychological guidance and problem or defect correction training. The control group was given non-psychological guidance. Personality assessments and effect analysis were adopted again 1 year later. Results One year follow-up result showed that gregariousness,emotional stability,liveliness,social boldness and independences scores of the cattell 16personality factor questionnaire were higher than those in control group,the differences were statistically significant（ P〈0. 05）; while the scores of skepticism,anxiety and dominance were lower than those in control group（ P〈0. 05）. There was statistical significance in the introversion /extroversion,serene /alert and cowardice /decision score of second personalities between the two groups（ P〈0. 05）. There was significant difference in driving making-trouble events score between the two groups（ P〈0. 01）. Conclusion Psychological guidance can improve drivers＇ personality problems or defects effectively and lower the incidence rate of making-trouble during driving.