不同经济收入单亲家庭大学新生个性特征的比较

A comparison of personality of single-parent freshmen with different family income

目的:探讨不同经济收入单亲家庭大学新生个性特征的差异。方法:整群抽取某大学近四年来大一新生12 448名,采用卡特尔16种人格因素量表(16PF)、一般人口学变量调查表和自编家庭经济收入量表进行调查。结果:单亲家庭与普通家庭大学新生在有恒性、世故性、实验性、怯懦与果断、感情用事与安详机警、专业成就动机因素和新环境成长能力存在显著差异。不同家庭经济收入单亲大学新生群体在有恒性、怀疑性、忧虑性、紧张性、适应与焦虑、专业成就动机因素和新环境成长能力存在显著差异,在忧虑性、适应与焦虑和新环境成长能力方面有显著的交互作用。结论:单亲家庭大学新生社会性性格发展不良。与贫困和中等单亲家庭大学新生相比,富裕单亲家庭大学新生个性特征表现出低有恒性、低适应、低专业成就动机、低新环境中成长能力和高忧虑性的特点。

Objective：To explore the differences of personality of single-parent freshmen with different family income.Methods： A cluster sampling method was conducted in 12 448 freshmen in recent four years, and they were assessed by the Cattell’s sixteen personality factor guestionnaire（16PF）, the general demographic variables questionnaire, and the self-made family income questionnaire.Results： Compared with the freshmen from ordinary families, the single-parent freshmen have lower scores in the factors of perseverance, sophistication, experimental, timidity and resolution, and the comprehensive personality in the aspects of emotionalism and rationalism, professional achievement motivation and adaptability to new environment. Significant differences are indicated among the single-parent freshmen with different family income in the aspects of perseverance, vigilance, apprehension, tension, adaptation and anxiety, professional achievement motivation and adaptability to new environment, and among these factors, interaction exists between Apprehension and adaptation and anxiety, and adaptability to new environment. Conclusion：Single-parent freshmen demonstrate low efficacy in social personalities. Compared with the students from the poor and ordinary families, the single-parent freshmen from rich families show low performance in the aspects of perseverance, adaptation, professional achievement motivation, adaptability to new environment but high in apprehension.