内蒙古牧区居民重点传染病知识干预效果

Effects of intervention on knowledge about major infectious diseases among residents in pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia

目的 了解内蒙古牧区居民重点传染病预防知识干预效果,为制定牧区传染病健康教育干预策略提供依据。方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,对内蒙古自治区1 022名牧区居民进行重点传染病预防知识知晓情况调查,从政策与环境支持、适宜服务提供和知识技能行为改变3个方面进行干预,并对干预效果进行评价。结果内蒙古牧区居民对布鲁氏菌病、肺结核和乙肝3种传染病知识知晓率由干预前的69.0%、82.0%和48.6%提高到干预后的52.7%、82.9%和63.8%;其中,布鲁氏菌病和乙肝知识知晓率提高明显（P〈0.001）,肺结核知识知晓率干预前后差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。干预后,不同年龄、文化程度居民布鲁氏菌病和乙肝预防知识知晓率均明显高于干预前（均P〈0.01）;其中,40-54岁组和不识字/识字很少组提高幅度最大,分别由干预前的29.4%和48.0%提高到干预后的59.8%和67.3%。无论干预前后,各组别均有随文化程度升高知晓率提高的趋势,但干预后知晓率提高幅度则随文化程度升高而降低。结论 综合干预措施可以有效提高牧区居民布鲁氏菌病和乙肝预防知识知晓水平,对中年和低文化程度人群效果最好。

Objective To evaluate the effects of intervention on knowledge about major infectious diseases among residents in pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia and to provide a basis for developing health education intervention strategy for infectious diseases in pastoral areas. Methods Surveys were conducted among 1 022 residents in Inner Mongolia before and after an intervention programme with multistage stratified random sampling. Results After the intervention, the awareness rate of knowledge about brucellosis, tuberculosis （TB） and hepatitis B were improved from 69.0% , 82. 0% and 48.6% to 52.7% ,82.9% and 63.8% and the awareness rates of knowledge about brucellosis and hepatitis B were improved significantly after the intervention （ P 〈 0. 001 ） ; however, there was no difference in the awareness rate of knowledge about TB. The awareness rate of knowledge about brucellosis and hepatitis B were improved significantly among the residents of different age and education level（ P 〈 0. 01 or P 〈 0. 001 ）. The increasing rate the of awareness among the residents aged 40 - 54 years and being illiterate were the biggest, with the increased rates from 29. 4% and 48.0% to 59. 8% and 63.8% ,respectively. Both before and after the intervention,there was a trend for the awareness rate increasing with educational level, but the extent of the increase decreased with educational level after the interven- tion. Conclusion Comprehensive intervention can improve the knowledge about brucellosis and hepatitis B prevention among the residents in pastoral areas effectively, especially in populations of middle-aged and with low education.