有限元法在船舶碰撞事故调查中的应用

FEM Application in Ship Collision Accident Investigation

船舶碰撞事故大多发生在海上,因此事故后很难做到现场勘查和保留证据。在事故调查中,海事执法部门通常依据双方船员的口供和航海日志进行责任认定,带有主观性,难以保证客观、公正。随着现代仿真技术的发展和计算机运算能力的提高,可以将有限元法应用到船舶碰撞事故调查中,对事故进行定量分析,以达到许多传统分析手段无法达到的研究深度。文章以一个真实的碰撞事故为例,采用有限元法在计算机上对船舶碰撞进行模拟仿真,直观再现了船舶碰撞过程;通过对损伤程度进行计算以及对变形形态进行对比,发现利用有限元的仿真结果与实船的破损变形十分吻合。这为事故分析提供了更加科学、客观的依据,所得结论在二审中被海事法庭采纳。

As ship collision happens at sea,it＇s hard to do field investigation and preserve evidence after the accident.Maritime law enforcement usually makes responsibility cognizance according to the confessions of both parties and the logbooks of the ships.These bases are with human subjectivity,and the cognizance may not be definitely objective and fair.The development of modern simulation technology and the improvement of computer capacity allow the collision process to reappear intuitively on computer through simulation using finite element method （FEM）.The analysis of the damage degree and deformation characteristics can produce scientific and objective bases for responsibility cognizance.