国际大石油公司技术研发管理特点和趋势

Changes in technology R & D management by international oil company majors

从技术战略、科技投入、研发组织、风险投资和开放研发方面对埃克森美孚、BP、壳牌、雪佛龙四家国际大石油公司以及中国石油的研发管理特点进行对比分析。认为全球石油公司研发管理的变化主要表现在:从独立自主研发向建立联盟合作研发转变;从拥有自主技术向发现、开发和集成应用技术转变;从注重内部研发资源向利用内外部研发资源转变;从注重单个产品开发向平台生态系统开发转变;从研发成果为满足客户需求向引领客户需求转变;从让客户满意向让客户成功转变;从渐进性创新向关注突破性创新转变。中国石油应加快科技创新体制机制改革,加大对核心技术研发和新技术推广应用的投入,用新技术实现对现有技术装备水平的升级换代,顺应国际大石油公司的研发管理大趋势。

Management by four major international oil companies(ExxonMobil, BP, Shell & Chevron) of technology strategy, science & technology expenditure, R & D organization, venture capital and the openness of R & D is compared. Their main R & D management changes are: from independent own R & D to joint, collaborative R & D, from possessing own technology to discovering, developing and integrating technology use, from relying on internal R & D resources to relying on external R & D resources, from focusing on single product development to an eco-system platform for developing multiple products, from R & D results for satisfying customer needs to determining and anticipating customer needs, from customer satisfaction to customer success, from incremental innovation to breakthrough innovation. CNPC should accelerate reform of the institutional mechanisms for science & technology innovation, increase core technology R & D and investment in spreading new technology adoption, and use new technology's superiority to existing technology to upgrade the level of equipment, in keeping with the prevailing trend of large multinational oil companies' R & D.