典型昆虫翅膀表面微观结构功能的探讨

Function of the Typical Insect Wing Surface's Microstructure

昆虫翅膀在生物进化中优化了结构、功能、材料等特性,对其进行研究,可为仿生材料等方面提供理论依据。本文通过扫描电子显微镜、视频光学接触角测量仪、紫外光分光光度计对蜻蜓、蝉翅膀表面的微观结构、疏水性能以及可见光反射率进行了研究,通过微观结构对疏水性能以及可见光反射率影响的分析,初步探讨了蜻蜓、蝉翅膀表面微观结构的功能。研究表明,蜻蜓、蝉翅膀表面的几何非光滑微观结构的主要成份存在差异,昆虫翅膀的非光滑微观结构不仅增强翅膀表面的疏水性能,为飞行提供质量稳定作用,而且能有效的降低翅膀表面的反射率。

Structure, function and material of insect wings are optimized in biological evolution, which provide inspira-tion and theory for the biomimetic materials. In this paper,scanning electron microscopy,optical contact angle measur-ing instrument and UV spectrophotometer were used to investigate the microstructure,hydrophobic properties and visible reflectance of dragonfly and cicada wing surface. The relationship between microstructure, hydrophobic properties and visible light reflectance was analyzed, and the function of wing surface’s microstructure was probed. Results showed that the main ingredients of geometrical non-smooth structure on the dragonfly wing was not same to the cicada wing, non-smooth structure of insect wings not only enhances hydrophobicity of wings surface, which offers quality stabiliza-tion for flight,but also can effectively reduce the reflectivity of the surface of the wing.