肺血栓栓塞182例危险因素分析及不同治疗方法临床疗效比较

Risk factors analysis of pulmonary embolism among 182 patients and comparison of the effect of different therapy

目的 探讨肺血栓栓塞患者的危险因素及不同治疗方法对患者预后的影响.方法 收集182例肺血栓栓塞患者的临床资料,对危险因素进行分析;对单纯药物治疗组（抗凝或抗凝＋溶栓）、药物联合介入治疗组（药物治疗联合腔静脉滤器植入或/和导管碎栓术）的患者预后进行对比.结果 182例患者中,老年人及吸烟者患病率明显升高,下肢深静脉血栓、心血管疾病、肿瘤、血液系统疾病、创伤及外科手术、慢性肺部疾病、骨折及骨科手术为主要危险因素.单纯药物治疗与药物联合介入治疗组的有效率、病死率差异无统计学意义（Х^2 =0.145,P＞0.05）.结论 肺栓塞的发病率与危险因素密切相关,肿瘤是引起肺栓塞的第三大危险因素;及时予以抗血栓药物治疗对肺血栓栓塞预后意义重大,与抗血栓联合介入治疗比较疗效相当.

Objective To study the risk factors of pulmonary embolism and comparison of the effect of different therapy.Methods Risk factors of 182 patients with pulmonary embolism were analyzed retrospectively.The patients were randomly divided into simple drug group and drug joint intervention group.Simple drug group was given heparin and warfarin,or jiont urokinase fibrinolytic therapy.The drug joint intervention group was given the same drug therapy joint vena cava filter implantation and/or catheter broken bolt therapy.After different treatment,the clinical prognosis was compared between the two groups.Results Of 182 patients with pulmonary embolism,the elderly and smoking prevalence rate increased significantly,deep vein thrombosis,cardiovascular disease,cancer,blood system diseases,trauma and surgery,chronic lung disease,fracture and orthopaedic surgery were the main risk factors.The effective rate and mortality between the pure drug therapy group and drug joint intervention group had no significant differences（Х^2 =0.145,P 〉 0.05）.Conclusion The incidence of pulmonary embolism is closely related to the risk factors.Cancer is one of the important diseases caused by pulmonary embolism.In a timely manner to give the antithrombotic drug treatment has great significance to the prognosis of pulmonary thromboembolism,there was no significant difference compared with the antithrombotic joint intervention.