大学生运动员比赛心理焦虑的差异及因素研究

Research on the Difference and the Factors of the Psychological Anxiety of the College Athletes

探讨大学生运动员比赛焦虑产生的相关因素,预测运动员的竞技水平,并作适当的心理调整,保证运动员发挥最佳的竞赛状态,取得最好成绩。方法：选择参加沈阳市大学生运动会的356名大学生运动员参加试验,按照EPQ的L量表得分,排除了46名具有掩饰倾向的学生,最后获得有效样本310名运动员的测试记录,其中男164人,女156人。年龄在20~24之间,平均为21.56±1.32岁。样本资料的学生来自沈阳市内各高校的学生,有重点大学、普通本科、专科院校共24所。结果：从本组数据看,大学生运动员在比赛中的焦虑水平在整体上显现出偏高的态势,比普通大学生的心理状态要好许多。大学生运动员在比赛焦虑强度存在着人格特质的差异、性别的差异,运动员之间还具有心理健康程度、比赛焦虑强度等因素的差异,进一步证明了运动能力知觉和期望水平是比赛焦虑的重要影响因素,也是预测运动能力的有效因子。

356 athletes from 24 colleges participating in Shenyang university games were tested, according to the L of EPQ scale score, 46 students having tendency to hide were ruled out, test records of 310 valid sample were finally obtained, including 164 boys and 156 girls with average of 21.56±1.32 The results show the anxiety level of college athletes in the game appears the high side, but is better than the ordinary college students＇ psychological state. There are personality difference and gender difference in the competition anxiety intensity of college athletes, there are also differences of factors of psychological well-being, competition anxiety intensity among the athletes, it is further proofed that the consciousness of activity ability and expectation level are the important factors affecting competition anxiety, and the effective factor of predicting sport ability.