脱颖处理对禾本科牧草种子萌发的影响

Effects of Glume Removing on Seed Germination of Gramineous Forages

禾本科牧草具有很高的营养和经济价值,提高其萌发率对禾草地建植具有重要意义。脱颖是一种简单、快速、安全的物理方法,且不会对环境造成污染,目前国内外脱颖处理对不同禾本科牧草萌发的影响研究较少。研究选取21种典型的禾本科牧草种子进行脱颖处理并对其发芽率、发芽势、根长进行对比分析。结果表明:脱颖处理能明显提高早熟禾(百思特、百胜)、鸭茅(楷模)和高羊茅(易凯)4种禾本科牧草种子的发芽势,早熟禾(百思特、百胜)2个品种的发芽率,以及高丹草PACF8421、黑麦草(首相)、饲用高粱、多年生黑麦草4个草种的根长。去颖后种子的萌发率、发芽势与种子的大小、颖壳的薄厚程度、种子和颖壳结合程度无显著相关性。根据结果建议早熟禾百胜和百思特在快速建植时应进行脱颖处理,鸭茅(楷模)、高羊茅(易凯)根据实际情况决定是否脱颖,这对于禾本科牧草地的建植具有重要的实际指导意义。

Gramineous forages have high nutritional and high economic values,the improvement of germination rate has important significance on planting.Glume removing is a simple,quick and safe method,and will not cause pollution to the environment. By now,few studies on glume removing effect on gramineous forages were carried out at home and abroad. In this paper 21 typical gramineous forage seeds were used to study the effects of glume removing on the germinative energy,germinative percentage,root length. The results showed that glume removing treatment improved the germination energy of 4 gramineous forage seeds： bluegrass（Best,Yum）,cocksfoot（Kaimo）and the tall fescue（Yikai）,and germination rate of bluegrass（Best,Yum）,and the root length of 4 kinds of grasses： sudan grass,lolium PACF8421（Prime Minister）,forage sorghum,perennial ryegrass. The seed germination rate,germination energy have no significant correlation with seed size,hull thick and thin degree of seed and glume,but may relation to variety,glume inhibitor materials.It was suggested that the bluegrass（Best,Yum）should be pretreated in the rapid establishment,while cocksfoot（Kaimo）,tall fescue（Yikai）could be alternative according to the actual situation,which might has important practical significance in the construction of gramineous forages.