黄河口底栖动物群落特征及其环境质量评价

Community characteristics of macrozoobenthos and environmental quality assessment of the Yellow River Estuary

于2008年和2009年的黄河枯水期(5月)和丰水期(8月),在黄河入海口水域选取14个站位进行了4个航次的大型底栖动物调查。结果表明:共获得大型底栖动物64种,其中软体动物25种、节肢动物(甲壳动物)23种、环节动物(多毛类)7种、底栖鱼类4种、腔肠动物2种以及腕足动物、棘皮动物和螠类各1种;软体动物和甲壳动物是构成该水域底栖动物的主要类群。该水域大型底栖动物栖息密度和生物量均较低,分别为(76.43·10.71)ind·m–2和(9.44·2.04)g·m–2;栖息密度多毛类最高,软体动物和甲壳动物次之,其他类群最低;生物量其他类群最高,软体动物和多毛类次之,甲壳动物最低。丰富度指数、多样性指数和均匀度指数分别为0.90·0.02、1.45·0.02和0.77·0.02。黄河口水域环境质量以轻度污染为主,丰水期质量优于枯水期,2009年优于2008年。

In order to understand the community characteristics of macrozoobenthos and environmental quality in the water area of the Yellow River estuary, 4 times survey was made at 14 sampling sites in May （dry season） and August （rainy season） in 2008 and 2009. A total of 64 macrozoobenthos species were recorded, including 25 species Mollusc, 23 species Crustacea, 7 species annelid polychaete, 4 species fish, 2 species Coelenterate, 1 species Brachiopoda, 1 species Echinoderm and 1 species Eehiuroidea. The inhabit density of maerozoobenthos was （76.43±10.54） ind·m-2, most of which being annelid polychaete, following Mollusc and Crustacea, and the least being the other kinds of macrozoobenthos. The biomass was （9.44±0.62） g·m-2, most of which being the other kinds, following Mollusc and annelid polychaete, and the least being Crustacea. The Margalef species richness index, Shannon-Weiner index and Pielou evenness index were 0.90±0.02, 1.45±0.02 and 0.77±0.02, respectively. The environmental quality of the Yellow River estuary was slightly polluted and it was better in August than May with it being better in 2009 than 2008.