文山地区烤烟合理套种作物及其时间的研究

Research on Rational Intercropping Plants and Time of Flue-cured Tobacco in Wenshan Area

为探求文山地区烤烟合理的套种作物及其适宜的套种时间,采用田间小区试验,研究了套种黑麦草、白萝卜、苜蓿3种作物的两个不同的套种时间对烤烟生长、产量及质量的影响。结果表明,与烤烟单作相比,移栽后30d和45d套种苜蓿处理易造成烟株疯长、烟叶物理特性大小与优质烟标准相差较大、糖碱比偏低等内在化学成分不协调、产值低等问题。移栽后30d和45d套种黑麦草和白萝卜两种非豆科作物均能改善烟叶的品质,但相同的套种时间条件下,黑麦草对于烟叶的产量与品质的影响更大。与烤烟单作相比,黑麦草与白萝卜套种时间处理增加了成熟初期有效叶片数1～2.8片,显著降低了烟草花叶病（相对防效36.55%～60.99%）和赤星病（相对防效28.2%～46.72%）的发生,使各部位烟叶的物理性状更趋近优质烟标准,各部位烟叶中淀粉、总糖和还原糖含量更趋于合理,显著降低了上部叶总氮、烟碱含量,提高了各部位糖碱比,较显著的提高了下部叶钾含量和钾氯比,对于烟叶产量的影响无显著差异,但使烟叶的产值提高了2.74%～5.58%,中上等烟比例提高了1～3.25%。以烤烟移栽后30d套种黑麦草或45d套种白萝卜效果更佳。本研究为烟农实行烟地套种提供可靠依据。

To explore the proper intercropping plants and time for flue-cured tobacco in Wenshan area,the field experiments were conducted to study effects of intercropping time of ryegrass,ternip and clover on the growth,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. The result showed that compared with the control,the treatments of intercropping clover at the 30thdays or the 45thdays after transplant tobacco were more inclined to cause problem,including the overgrowth of tobacco plant,the biggish difference with the standard high quality tobacco on its physical characteristics,the internal chemical components becoming inharmonious like the lowering on sugar alkali and its output. The treatments of intercropping the two nonleguminous,ryegrass or ternip at the 30thor the 45thdays after transplant tobacco could improve the quality of tobacco leaves. Ryegrass had a far greater influence on the yield and quality of tobacco leaves on the condition of the same intercropping time between ryegrass and white radish. Compared with the control,the treatments of intercropping ryegrass and white radish at the 30thor the 45thdays after transplant tobacco could increase the productive leaves number of early maturity by 1 ～ 2. 8 and significantly decreased the occurrence of TMV（ Relative controlled effect36. 55% ～ 60. 99%） and tobacco brown spot（ Relative controlled effect 28. 2% ～ 46. 72%）. Their physical characteristics were more approach to the standard of high quality tobacco leaves. The content of starch,total sugar and reducing sugar in different parts of tobacco leaves became more reasonable and the content of total nitrogen,and nicotine in upper leaves were significantly reduced while the sugar alkali in different parts of tobacco leaves was increased,the content of potassium and the ratio of potassium to chlorine were significantly increased in lower leaves. All the treatments showed no significant on yield,but the treatments of intercropping ryegrass and white radish at the 30thand the 45thdays after transplant tobacco increased the output value by 2. 74% ～ 5. 58%,increased the percentage of high and middle class tobacco leaves by 1. 00 ～ 3. 25%. The effects of intercropping ryegrass at the 30thday or intercropping white radish at the 45thday were better than that of other treatments. The study provides a reliable basis for tobacce grower to practice intercropping of toacco and other crops.