太岳山森林碳储量随树种组成的变化规律

The alteration of carbon stock of forest ecosystem by tree species composition in Taiyue Mountain

树种是决定森林生态系统碳储量大小的一个重要生物学因子。在山西省太岳林区,根据生态系统的垂直结构特征,调查了乔木层、草灌丛和土壤层的有机碳储量,分析了碳储量随林分类型和树种组成的变化规律。阔叶林有机碳储量为156.58 t C·hm-2,针叶林为145.05 t C·hm-2,针阔混交林为128.52 t C·hm-2。辽东栎和油松在群落中所占比例与不同层次的有机碳储量间存在较强的相关性。辽东栎比重的增加可显著提高乔木层、土壤层和生态系统碳储量,而乔木层、土壤层和生态系统碳储量却随着油松比重的增加呈下降趋势。虽然群落中所有阔叶树种和针叶树种的比例与乔木层碳储量、生态系统总的碳储量间也存在相似关系,但却对土壤层和草灌丛的碳储量没有显著影响。因而,在该地区,辽东栎种群和油松种群在决定针阔混交林生态系统的碳储量方面,比群落中阔叶树种和所有针叶树种发挥着更大的调控作用。

Tree species is a vital biotic factor in determining the carbon stock of forest ecosystems. In the forested area of Taiyue Mountain, carbon storage in wood, herb and shrub, soil was separately investigated according to the vertical structure of forest ecosystem. Subsequently, the effects of forest type and tree species composition on forest carbon stock were studied. The carbon storage was 156.58, 145.05 and 128.52 t C · hm-2 in broadleaved forest, coniferous forest and mixed forest, respectively. Significant correlations were found between the carbon storage of forest ecosystem and the proportions of Quercus liaotungensis and of Pinus tabuliformis in forest communities. Carbon storage in wood, soil and total carbon storage of forest ecosystem markedly increased with the volume proportion of Q. liaotungensis, but decreased with that of P. tabulifor- mis. Although similar relationships were found between wood carbon storage and the proportion of broadleaved tree species and of coniferous tree species, no effects of broadleaved and coniferous tree species were detected on carbon storage of herb and shrub in mixed forest ecosystems. In conclusion, Q. liaotungensis and P. tabuliformis played a more important role than broadleaved and coniferous tree species in manipulating the carbon storage of forest ecosystems in Taiyue Mountain.