长江中下游菜子湖湿地不同生境昆虫群落多样性

Insect community diversity of different habitats in Caizihu wetland at the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

为研究菜子湖湿地不同生境中的昆虫群落多样性,并探讨昆虫对湿地过度围垦的响应,于2013年5—8月对菜子湖湿地的农田区、滩涂-草丛、草丛-灌木区的3种不同生境条件下的昆虫群落多样性进行了调查。共采集到昆虫7251只,隶属于8目89科207属235种。其中,双翅目、半翅目、直翅目为菜子湖湿地的优势类群,其个体数量分别占总个体数的27.61%、25.54%和15.96%。在3种生境中,昆虫种类丰富度在农田区生境中最高,其次是滩涂-草丛生境,在草丛-灌木区生境中最低;Shannon多样性指数和ACE估计值在3种生境之间的比较结果表明,滩涂-草丛与农田区差异显著,与草丛-灌木区无显著差异,农田区与草丛-灌木区差异显著。3种不同生境中昆虫群落的相似性指数平均值为0.25±0.02,表明植被类型和围垦显著影响昆虫群落多样性。

To understand the response of insects to excessive reclamation of natural wetlands, species richness and distribution of insect fauna were investigated in the Caizihu Wetland Nature Reserve, a changing subtropical wetland landscape in southern Anhui, east China by light trap and hand collection periodically from May to August of 2013. Species were recorded from the two traditional land-use types （cropland and intertidal-grass area） , and from the recently established grass-shrub zone. A total of 7251 insect individuals belonging to 235 species, 207genera, 89 families and 8 orders were recorded. The dominant orders were Diptera, Hemiptera, and Orthoptera, accounting for 27.61%, 25.54%0 and 15.96% of total individuals, respectively. Species richness was the highest in the cropland, the lowest in the grass-shrub, and the intertidal-grass area showed an intermediate value. The diversity comparison among the three habitats based on Shannon index and ACE estimate value showed that there were no significant differences between grass-shrub and intertidal-grass area, and both of their richness indices were significantly lower than that of the cropland habitat （ P〈0.05 ）. The mean value of similarity indexes of the three habitats was 0. 25±0. 02, showing both vegetation type and excessive reclamation had great impacts on the insect community diversity.