磷肥不同用量对京郊小麦产量的影响

Effects of Different Amount of Phosphorus on Yield of Wheat in the Suburb of Beijing

为确定京郊高产麦田适宜施磷量,在氮肥、钾肥投入一致的条件下,设置了5个施磷处理(五氧化二磷0、75、150、225和300kg/hm2),研究其对小麦相关性状及产量的影响。结果表明,底施150kg/hm2磷肥的处理产量最高,为6 385.95kg/hm2,其每公顷产量和穗数较对照增加,达5%显著性差异。施用磷肥处理各时期群体(冬前茎、返青茎、起身茎、拔节大茎)增加明显,以150kg/hm2磷肥的处理群体增加幅度最大;施磷量对小麦穗部性状、旗叶性状无显著性影响。综合分析,在京郊有效磷含量30mg/kg的中高产田,底施150kg/hm2五氧化二磷可获得较高的产量。

To determine the suitable amount of phosphorus in the high-yield wheat field in the suburb of Beijing, five phosphorus （ phosphorus pentoxide） treatments （0,75,150,225 and 300kg/hm^2 ） were set to investigate effects of them on related traits and yield of wheat, under the same input of nitrogen and potash fertilizer. The results indicated：wheat achieved the highest yield with application of 150kg/hm^2 phosphorus, and the yield and panicle number per hectare were increased significantly. Stem number also increased with the application of phosphate fertilizer under every period （ before winter, regreening stage, setting stage and jointing stage）, especially with the application of 150kg/hm^2 phosphorus. Traits of spike and flag leaf traits were not affected by application of phosphorus. As a conclusion,a higher yield could be achieved with the application of 150kg/hm^2 phosphorus in the field with a content of 30mg/kg phosphorus.