从维特根斯坦游戏理论反思我国竞技体育人文精神的缺失

Rethinking the absence of humanistic spirit in competitive sports in China from the perspective of Wittgenstein's game theory

维特根斯坦将人类生活的全部领域都视为游戏,把游戏作为一种生活现象和实践形式考察。每一种游戏都蕴含着某种人文精神,只有当人将生活作为游戏来过时,才能在游戏中感悟生命、享受自由、获得乐趣。竞技体育从游戏中诞生、发展而来并带有游戏的本质属性。由于过多的政治干扰、过度的商业开发、高科技的滥用以及媒体的误导等方面的影响,造成了目前我国竞技体育人文精神缺失:竞技体育娱乐性与自由性的丧失,人的生命意义、价值、尊严、命运被漠视,规则日益严格、竞争日益激烈以至失去了人的主体性与价值需要。研究认为当前我国应努力把体育与文化教育、体育科学与体育人文、人文精神与体育生活有机结合起来,构建体育人文精神的社会基础、理性基础与现实基础。

Wittgenstein regarded all the areas of human life as a game, and examined games as a life phenomenon and a form of practice. Every game contains some sort of humanistic spirit;only when people live their lives as a game can they understand life, enjoy freedom and have fun from games. Competitive sports were born in and developed from games, provided with the essential attributes of games. As a result of the influence of excessive political interference, overly com-mercial development, high tech abuse and media misguidance, the humanistic sprit of competitive sports in China is evidently absent：competitive sports are losing their entertaining nature and freedom;people’s life meaning, value, dignity and fate are treated indifferently;rules are becoming increasingly strict;competition is becoming increasingly intense, and even people’s subjectivity and value need have lost. In the authors’ opinion, at present China should strive to organically combine sports with cultural education, sports science with sports humanities, humanistic spirit with sports life, and to build the social foundation, rational foundation and realistic foundation of sports humanistic spirit.