世界优秀男子铅球运动员伦敦奥运周期的参赛特征

The characteristics of game participation of world excellent male shot-putters in the London Olympic Games cycle

对美国《田径新闻》杂志公布的世界优秀男子铅球运动员多年参加比赛的各项数据进行处理与分析，发现在伦敦奥运周期中优秀运动员的年度成绩呈现出波浪型的变化，且年度最好成绩均出现在赛季的中后期；大赛年都高频参赛；年度间隔时间分为4～5个月或8.0～8.5个月两种。结果表明，优秀运动员年度训练与比赛的周期安排应依据其所处的“运动生涯年龄”来具体安排，以双周期或多周期为主；大赛前休息1～2周，平均参赛13.8次，大赛后3~5天就参加1场比赛，平均参赛4.8次；最好成绩的出现时间6月份与世界大赛的比赛时间8月份相差较大，可能是由于选拔机制的不同、短期内集中多次参赛、年度参赛目标的不同等原因造成的。

The authors processed and analyzed various data of game participation of world excellent male shot-putters over the years, published by the Track and Field News magazine of the United States, and revealed the following findings：in the London Olympic Games cycle, the annual results of these excellent shotputters showed a wavy change, and all their annual best results appeared in the middle and late periods of the season;all of them participated in games frequently in the big game year;annual interval days were 4～5 months or 8.0～8.5 months. The said findings indicated the followings：the annual training and competition periods of excellent shot-putters should be arranged specifically according to the“sports career age”they are at, mainly based on twin periods or multiple periods;before a big game, they rested 1~2 weeks, par-ticipated in 13.8 games averagely;after a big game, they had a game every 3~5 days, participated in 4.8 games averagely;their best results appeared in June, quite long before August, the game time of world games, which was probably caused by such reasons as the difference of screening mechanisms, participation in several games in a short period of time, the difference of annual game participation goals etc.