基于DEA-Malmquist模型的高新技术产业发展效率的时空测度与省际差异研究

The Time-Space Measurement of Efficiency of Development of High-Technology Industry and Provincial Differences Based on the DEA-Malmquist TFP Index

运用DEA-Malmquist方法,在TFP分析框架下,通过测度高新技术产业发展的技术效率与TFP,分析1996—2010年间其产业发展的时空演变与效率变化特征,并对改善产业投入产出要素进行了定量调整。研究表明:1高新技术产业的技术效率:时序变化上,总体效率偏低,未能挖掘已有生产要素投入的潜力,处于规模不经济状态,应加大技术要素的投入;空间格局演变上,各省区技术效率值小于0.5的省份达到12个,占到全国的38.7%,产业高效发展的潜力挖掘空间较大;且技术效率无效省份普遍存在要素投入冗余、效益产出不足情况,各省区可根据自身情况对高新技术产业发展中的投入、产出要素做出定量调整。2高新技术产业Malmquist效率指数:平均技术进步变化和纯技术效率变化大于1,年均增长达9.6%和2.7%,表明激烈的市场竞争使企业注重先进技术要素的投入;但规模效率年均增长率为-0.3%,影响了TFP的提高;各省的Malmquist生产率指数除桂、渝外均得到改进,且TFP上升得益于进步率的提升,规模效率变化的影响有限。地区间技术效率差异显著,技术效率变化和TFP变化的差异却不断减小。

Using the DEA and Malmquist TFP Index, through measuring the technical efficiency of China＇s high-tech industry development efficiency ＆ TFP and their decompositions, analyze China＇s high-tech industry development characteristics of space and time efficiency from 1996 to 2010. The conclusions can be drawn as follows： ①Technical efficiency of high-tech industries： on the development of temporal changes, the overall efficiency of high-tech industry development in our country is low, and fails to fully dig up the potential of existing production elements, being in the state of decreasing returns to scale. For this reason, the country should increase input of technical factors in development. A number of provinces of which technical efficiency value are less than 0.5%, reaching 12 and accounting for 38.7% of the whole country. The results indicate that the existing input of the region conditions should get more output and high- tech industries have a great much of potential for the future development. ②Malmquist efficiency index of high-tech industries： the vary of national average high-tech industry technological progress and pure technical efficiency is greater than one. During this period the annual increase rate is about 9.6% and 2.7%, showing that the increasingly intense competition makes enterprises pay more attention to the investment on advanced technology applying to high-tech industry. Meanwhile, the average growth rate of the scale efficiency is -0.3% during 15 years, making the growth of the total factor productivity decrease. TFP of the high-tech industry of all provinces is growing from 1996 to 2010. Ranked in the top 10 locations in addition to Shanghai are inland provinces lying in the central and western regions. This shows that although inland provinces start late in the development of the hightech industry, they have a definite advantage on developing potential. Technical efficiency level of four major areas exist significant difference.