公众科技风险感知与科技决策“困惑”之实证考量

The Empirical Investigation to the Dilemma Between Public Risk Perception of Science and Technology and Technology Decisions Making

目前科技决策的制定还使用基于定量的风险评估与标准化的方法,缺乏对公众风险感知的考虑,使隐含着复杂社会、心理、行为等因素的科技决策问题,被局限在纯科学议程的藩篱中,缺乏多元化视角。基于问卷调查的方法,通过了解公众对科技风险的认知、感知与评价,揭示其对科技决策的出台造成一定的"困惑":标准制定的模糊性;科技决策的不确定性;议程设置的困境;两难悖论的选择及其分配的尴尬。通过考虑公众的风险感知,建立"民主模型",正视理性不信任的功效,提升科技决策的民主化与科学化水平。

Current technology decision making is still basically limited risk assessment based on quantitative and standardized methods, lacking of the consideration of public risk perception, so that the technological decision problem impling complex social, psychological, behavioral factors, which is confined to purely scientific barriers and lack of diversification perspective. Based on survey methods, by understanding the public＇s awareness, perception and evaluation to technology risk, which reveal its bring the certain dilemma to science and technology decision-making： Normative ambiguity; technological uncertainty in decision-making; agenda-setting dilemma; selection Paradox and allocation embarrassment. By considering the risk to the public perception, establishing a ＇democrat-ic mode＇, facing the efficacy of irrational distrust, that enhance the democratic and scientific level of science and technology decision-making.