关于非理性决策的建构水平理论评述——以最后通牒任务为例

A Review of Literature on the Irrational Decision- making in Construal level Theory:Taking Ultimatum Game as the Example

经典经济学理论认为,人类个体是自私且理性的,能够控制自己的非理性冲动,从而实现自我利益的最大化。"经济人"假设受到越来越多的质疑与挑战。新近的认知—情绪双系统理论则将情绪驱动和认知控制置于非理性决策中利益权衡的两端,试图整合性地阐述非理性决策的内部机制。基于双系统理论,目前大多数研究者以建构水平为切入点,探讨决策情境在个体头脑中的表征方式对非理性决策的影响;未来关于非理性决策的研究应致力于探究人们表征决策情境的内在机制及其影响因素,并向应用方向发展,以帮助人们做出理性决策。

Classical western economic theories hold that human beings are selfish and rational, only pursue their own self-interest maximizing, and never concern others＇ payoff. However the Hypothesis of Economic Man faces more and more debates and challenges. Recently, researchers suggest dual - process theories to explain irrational decision - making and its features, in which emotional and cognitive process were constructed as two sides of the equilibrium involved in ir- rational decision - making. Based on the dual - process theories, a large number of researchers have begun to explore how people＇s construal level of social situation can influence their irrational decision - making. Future research should break the limit of previous traditional research to explore the other forms of irrational decision - making, to construct one framework integrated these forms, and to begin moving towards practical use.