滇池越冬红嘴鸥幼鸟比例及种群数量变化研究

The Ratio of Adult and Juvenile on Black-Headed Gull Wintering in Dianchi Lake of Yunnan

采用捕捉取样、数码相机拍摄取样和查阅资料,对滇池3个区域红嘴鸥幼鸟比例进行研究。其中捕捉取样结合红嘴鸥环志在滇池海埂大坝进行,于2011年1月,2012年1—2月,2012年12月至2013年3月越冬季分别捕捉131、339和475只红嘴鸥;拍摄取样于2013年1、2月和2013年12月2个越冬季在昆明海埂大坝、翠湖公园和滇池白鱼口进行,每地每季各拍摄1 000只个体;通过查阅资料,对滇池越冬红嘴鸥幼鸟比例及种群数量进行分析。结果表明,2010、2011、2012年和2013年4个越冬季,幼鸟在红嘴鸥群体中的比例分别为23.7%、33.6%、48.9%、43.1%,其中2012年幼鸟增加比例极显著。种群数量始终保持增长,其中1992、2002、2010年出现跳跃式增长。依据近年滇池红嘴鸥数量增长规律和幼鸟在越冬种群中所占比例,预测在滇池越冬的红嘴鸥数量未来几年内可能还有较大幅度增长。

By the methods of catching and photographing to get the bird’s sample,we analyzed the percent-age of juvenile Black-headed Gull in 3 areas of Dianchi Lake.Sampled and Black-headed Gull banding was car-ried at Haigeng dam of Dianchi Lake.During January 2011,January and February 2012,December 2012,and March 2013,we captured 131、339 and 475 gulls,respectively.Photo sampling carried at Green Park,Haigeng Dam and Baiyukou in January,February and December of 2013.Every season and every site,there 1000 birds were pictured.With consulting a lot of data,the percentage of juvenile Black-headed Gull in Dianchi Lake and population quantity were investigated.The result showed that,in the periods of2010,2011,2012and 2013 win-tering,ratio of Juvenile was 23.7%,33.6%,48.9%,43.1%,respectively.Among them,the ratio of Juven-ile was increased significantly.Moreover,population quantity had maintained increasing,especially in 1992、2002、2010,the increase was jumped.Base on the ration of juvenile and increase regulation of population quanti-ty,we predicted the population of Black- headed Gull wintering in Dianchi Lake would be increased greatly in next a few years.