我国实现担保物权非讼程序及适用——兼评新《民事诉讼法》第196、197条之规定

About the China's Non-contentious Procedure of Realizing Security Interest and Its Applies——Comment on Article 196 and 197 in the New Civil Procedure Law

担保物权的实现是担保物权制度发挥效用的直接体现。新《民事诉讼法》第196、197条对担保物权实现所做的程序规定完成了由诉讼程序向非讼程序的重大转变,契合了担保物权人权利实现的便捷需求,是一项重要的制度创新。然而,由于新法对实现担保物权非讼程序的规定过于原则,可操作性较差,加之相关司法解释的缺失,一定程度上造成了司法适用的混乱。为精准适用该程序,发挥其非讼程序的独特优势,应有针对性的规定案件的地域管辖,明确案件的形式审查标准,同时规定不收取案件的申请费用,以确保实现担保物权非讼程序在司法适用中的规范性、严谨性、一致性。

The realization of real rights for security is the direct embodiment of the effectiveness of security interest system. Articles 196 and 197 of the new Civil Procedure Law, provisions on procedures realizing security interest, having completed the important transi- tion from contentious procedure to non - contentious procedure, and thus having satisfied the security rights holder~ demand of conven- ience in realizing security interest, is an important institutional innovation. However, the principled rules, poor operability of provi- sions on procedures realizing security interest, coupled with the lack of relevant judicial interpretation, to some extent, have caused confusion of judicial application. For the precise application of the program, a unique advantage of its non - contentious procedure. both targeted provisions on territorial jurisdiction and the formal censoring standard of the case should be clarified, meanwhile, the ap- plication fee shouldn＇ t be charged, so that the standardization, preciseness, consistency of non - contentious procedure of realizing se- curity interest in judicial application can be ensured.