中国近代市政府的产生及其研究刍议

Discussion on Modern Chinese Municipal Government' Generation and Research

中国近代城市管理体制与机构酝酿于晚清推展地方自治时期。辛亥革命之后,中国市制建设进一步发展,其中江苏、上海、广州等地的探索较为领先。1921年2月广州市政府率先成立,同年7月北京政府公布《市自治制》,对于市制内涵予以规定。随着国民党北伐的推进,上海、南京等特别市政府相继成立,《市组织法》等法规陆续颁布,促进了中国市级政府的建置。中国近代市政府发展的曲折历程与丰富内涵决定了相关研究具有重要的学术价值与现实意义。其学术理路,当以历史的纵向为轴,探究市政府结构与功能的演变,检讨其行政绩效及其在城市近代化进程和国家建设中的作用。

Modern Chinese urban management system and institutions were brewed in late Qing dynasty when the local self-administration was pursued. After the revolution of 1911,Chinese municipal system developed further,what had been done in Jiangsu,Shanghai and Guangzhou was much more leading. In Feb. of 1921,Guangzhou urban government established first,and in Jul.,the Legislation for City of Autonomy was promulgated in Beijing,in which the meaning of municipal system was specified. Along with the advance of KMT's Northern Expedition,the particular urban government in Shanghai and Nanjing established one after another,and the regulations such as the Act for Municipal Organization were promulgated in succession,by which the system of Chinese municipal government was promoted obviously. Therich connotation and tortuous course for Chinese modern municipal government to develop had shown the relative research would be full of academic value and practical significance. As an approach to do it,the evolution of the structure,function and administrative performance of the municipal government in the course of the urban modernization and nation-building in modern China should be studied thoroughly in a view of history.