越南汉字兴衰史述略

Brief Review on the Rising and Declining History of Chinese Characters in Vietnam

汉字在越南的兴衰是一个漫长的历史过程,受到越南历史发展进程和政治环境的深刻影响,可划分为各具特色的若干历史阶段。"千年郡县时期"1,越族接受汉文化和汉字;封建自主时期,越族主动接受它们,并充分吸收和本土化,形成颇具特色的越南文化和字喃;法国殖民者统治越南后,通过法令废除汉字,转而推广使用拉丁国语字。20世纪40年代"八月革命"后,越南正式通过法令确立拉丁国语字作为全国通用书写文字。

Chinese characters have suffered form rising and declining period during the history in Vietnam which was strongly influenced by the process of Vietnamese historical development as well as the political environment, and could be divided into several historical stages with different features. In ＂Millennium Jun Xian era＂, Chinese characters and culture were accepted by the Vietnamese ethnic group passively. In autonomous feudal period it was accepted initiatively as well as fully absorbed and localized. After France established colonists rule in Vietnam, they repealed Chinese characters and promoted the use of the Latin alphabet of ＂chu quoc ngu＂ by decrees. After the ＂August Revolution＂, Vietnam gave up Chinese characters initiatively and used Latin alphabet of ＂chu quoc ngu＂ to take its place as the national official general writing text.